What does plano mean for glasses - Plano lenses in glasses can also serve as protective eyewear, whether or not you need vision correction or prescription lenses. You can even find plano contact lenses. So what does plano mean in contact lenses? Plano contact lenses are the same as plano in glasses; they do not help correct visual impairments.

 
Dec 12, 2019 · For example, if you have a sphere of -0.25, your vision is minimally affected. On the other hand, if your prescription starts at -5.00, you most likely have difficulty seeing at a distance without glasses. If the sphere indicates Pl or Plano for both eyes, it means that you do not suffer from myopia or hyperopia. . Shorts and tights

Sphere (SPH) on your eyeglass prescription refers to the amount of lens that is needed to bring your vision back to normal. It is measured in diopters and suggests …Want to really enjoy a good beer? The right glass and a good pour go a long way. We asked a certified beer sommelier to walk us through the perfect glass and pouring techniques. He...SPH (sphere) A + in the box indicates that you are long-sighted which means you find it difficult to see things close to you. A – shows that you find it hard to see things that are far away without glasses. The number might be very small, like 0.25, or a large number, like 6.00. The higher the number, the stronger the prescription lenses ... If these glasses were prescribed for protection from strong light (tinted) or if this was part of a progressive glasses Rx (with a bifocal section at the bottom for reading), this might make sense. If they were prescribed to improve your visual acuity and nothing more, it is possible the optician just needed to make a sale. If your glasses prescription includes “PL,” it means that the spherical correction for that eye is zero. However, your prescription may still include cylinder and axis values, indicating the presence of astigmatism. Sphere: If one or both eyes have a “PL” value for the sphere, it means that no correction is needed for that particular eye.PL or Pl means Plano. The easy way to understand this is to just think of zero when you encounter it in a glasses prescription or in any other assessment of ...For example, someone with a -3.00 prescription has worse vision than someone with a -1.25. Many individuals with 1.25 vision don’t require prescription eyewear. Individuals with 1.25 vision may opt for over-the-counter “reader” glasses to enhance their vision. However, people with a higher diopter number or astigmatism will probably need ...1. OD (Oculus Dexter), OS (Oculus Sinister) OD and OS are key to reading any eyeglasses prescription, regardless of the correction type. Sometimes appearing as O.D. and O.S., …SVD: This means you only need glasses for single vision distance (for distance vision correction only).; SVN: This means you only need glasses for single vision near (for reading glasses only).; PD …Plano Sphere Lenses are custom-made progressive nearsightedness, hyperopia or heterophoria (reading errors) corrective lenses. They provide unlimited reading power and eliminate the need to switch back and forth between two different pairs of glasses. The vast majority of people who need corrective lenses have either …Replacing window glass only is a great way to save money and time when it comes to window repair. It can be a tricky process, however, so it’s important to know what you’re doing b...1. Quality. The first thing to check is the overall quality of the product. Note errors in grammar and spelling, and check to see if something is printed. Also check to paint and wear. Make sure the paint is intact and not chipped. 2. Nose Piece. Next, the nose piece should have the Cartier double "C" logo.Apr 19, 2022 · For people with astigmatism, there will be 3 numbers in your prescription: Sph / Cyl x Axis. For example, -2.00/-1.00×180 means 2D of short-sightedness, 1D of astigmatism at an axis of 180 degrees. If you don’t have astigmatism, the cylinder and axis boxes will be empty or only one value is written on the prescription. The short answer – if you wear glasses or contact lenses – is that you probably already have 20/20 vision (if your prescription is up to date). Your prescription is designed to get you as close to normal or ‘perfect’ vision as possible. And don’t forget that in the UK, we use ‘6/6’, not ‘20/20’ (6 metres = 20 feet).REGIONAL EYE OPTICAL offers a large selection of high end designer frames, eyeglasses and sunglasses. To learn more, please call 320-587-6309. We are located just inside Regional Eye Center at 1455 Montreal Street, SE in Hutchinson, MN. Our business hours are: Mon. & Thurs. 8:00am – 7:30pm. Tues. & Wed. 8:00am – 5:30pm.Replacing window glass only is a great way to save money and time when it comes to window repair. It can be a tricky process, however, so it’s important to know what you’re doing b...What Does Plano Mean for Glasses? If you need a pair of plano glasses, you will see the term plano, PL or 0.00 in the Sphere box on your eye prescription paper. That means that the lens has no corrective power.Although the price of plano lenses are about the same as normal prescription lenses, wearing a pair of plano lenses is the only safe way to wear non-corrective lenses. REGIONAL EYE OPTICAL offers a large selection of high end designer frames, eyeglasses and sunglasses. To learn more, please call 320-587-6309.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Nov 28, 2016 · Plano - PL - This indicates there is no spherical correction in this eye. A plano lens would have no focusing power or correction to it. So it's 0. Source: How to Read and Enter Your Eyeglass Prescription - aclens.com. 25 Jan 2007 ... My question is does all this information apply to reading glasses? ... What does that mean? How does that compare ... I understand Plano means no ...Prism lenses work by bending the light in such a way that it compensates for an eye muscle weakness, aligning your eyes and helping to maintain comfortable vision, as well as preventing double vision. Small amounts of prisms are usually incorporated straight into your lenses. If larger amounts of prisms are needed, then they can be trialled ...A glasses prescription is not a contact lens prescription. Spectacle and contact lens prescriptions aren't the same. A spectacle prescription is for the purchase of spectacles only. It does not contain certain information that is crucial to a contact lens prescription and that can be obtained only during a contact lens consultation and fitting.We all know that trends come and go, and it can be hard to keep up with them at times. So, what is this new glass hair trend that everyone seems to be talking about? Has Lady Gaga ...When it comes to protecting our eyes from the harmful effects of the sun, polarized glasses have become increasingly popular. But what exactly does it mean to wear polarized glasse...When it comes to building a greenhouse, one of the most important decisions you’ll need to make is choosing the right material for its structure. Two popular options are polycarbon...Carbon fiber glasses are eyewear frames made from a durable and lightweight material composed of carbon fibers. These frames exhibit superior corrosion resistance compared to titanium and other metal frames. Additionally, they are highly resistant to high temperatures and radiation, while also possessing …The good news is, the information on your eyeglass prescription makes a lot of sense once you understand all the acronyms. SPH, for example, stands for “sphere.”. The sphere number on your prescription indicates the strength of the lenses needed to correct your vision. The number is “spherical” because it … The number appearing in this section of the prescription is always a "plus" power, even if it is not preceded by a plus sign. It is calculated as the difference between the power needed for the eye to have a clear far sight and the value needed to have a clear near vision. Generally, it will range from 0.50 to 3.50. Progressive reading glasses, also referred to as no-line bifocals, are a type of eyewear designed to correct presbyopia, a condition that typically develops with age, resulting in difficulty focusing on close objects. Unlike traditional bifocals or trifocals, which have visible lines separating different viewing fields, progressive lenses ...4 Oct 2022 ... Plano lenses have uniform thickness all through the lenses. Due to the structure of the lens does not have any prescription. Therefore, it is ... Getting started is easy with Woodhams Eye Clinic. Click here to schedule an appointment, get insurance forms, and get answers to your questions.Please let us know 24 hours before any appointment cancellation to avoid a $25 cancellation fee. Understanding prescriptions. Changes. Improving vision. Summary. Positive numbers on an eye prescription indicate they are correcting farsightedness, while negative numbers correct ...Z87 is enough in most cases if the frames are only going to use Plano lenses. Plano lenses are known as non-corrective lenses that are there to protect and not correct any vision, and they’re either called Plano lenses, PL, or 0.00 prescription. With Z87-2 ratings, the -2 will help denote prescription options for Z87 safety glasses.Nov 5, 2023 · What does plano mean on an eyeglass prescription? Plano simply indicates 0.00 sphere with no nearsightedness or farsightedness needing correction. What does a -0.25 sphere prescription mean?-0.25 sphere represents a tiny amount of nearsightedness. This minor myopia may cause some blurred distance vision but often doesn‘t require correction. Getting started is easy with Woodhams Eye Clinic. Click here to schedule an appointment, get insurance forms, and get answers to your questions.Please let us know 24 hours before any appointment cancellation to avoid a $25 cancellation fee. Feb 16, 2021 · It’s important to note that non-prescription “plano lenses” have zero corrective power whatsoever, while non-prescription reading glasses offer some level of magnification, enlarging what you see up-close. If you don’t have vision issues that require prescriptive correction, wearing plano lenses shouldn’t be a problem — they will ... Plano does not mean 20/20 it means a lens, or contact or IOL has no bending power (window glass). A sperical glass, contact or IOL bends all entering light the same because its spherical. A toric or astigmatic glass or IOL or conact bends light differently depending on the direction (axis) the light enters. JCH MD.Aug 12, 2022 · What does plano mean in contact lenses you may ask? Well, essentially plano contact lenses are the same as plano lenses in glasses, they do not help correct any visual impairments. Usually, plano- coloured contact lenses fall into this category of non-prescription contacts that people wear mostly for cosmetic purposes. 1. Quality. The first thing to check is the overall quality of the product. Note errors in grammar and spelling, and check to see if something is printed. Also check to paint and wear. Make sure the paint is intact and not chipped. 2. Nose Piece. Next, the nose piece should have the Cartier double "C" logo.The first thing to understand your eyeglass prescription is knowing what "OD" and OS" means. They are abbreviations for oculus dexter and oculus sinister, which are Latin terms for right eye and left eye. Your eyeglass prescription also may have a column labeled "OU." This is the abbreviation for the Latin term oculus uterque, which …If you need a pair of plano glasses, you will see the term plano, PL or 0.00 in the Sphere box on your eye prescription paper. That means that the lens has no corrective power. If only either of your eyes requires correction, you may be given a pair of glasses that as one corrective lens for the affected eye and a plano lens for the …If you need a pair of plano glasses, you will see the term plano, PL or 0.00 in the Sphere box on your eye prescription paper. That means that the lens has no corrective power. If only either of your eyes requires correction, you may be given a pair of glasses that as one corrective lens for the affected eye and a plano lens for the …Other Terms on Your Eye Prescription. Depending on the kinds of lenses you need, you may see other terms on your eye prescription, including: CYL or Cylinder: This term is only relevant to people with astigmatism, and refers to the lens power needed to address it.Astigmatism means your eye’s cornea or lens is …What Does Plano Mean for Glasses? If you need a pair of plano glasses, you will see the term plano, PL or 0.00 in the Sphere box on your eye prescription paper. That means that the lens has no corrective power. If only either of your eyes requires correction, you may be given a pair of glasses that as one corrective lens for the …If your glasses prescription includes “PL,” it means that the spherical correction for that eye is zero. However, your prescription may still include cylinder and axis values, indicating the presence of astigmatism. Sphere: If one or both eyes have a “PL” value for the sphere, it means that no correction is needed for that particular eye.A – shows that you find it hard to see things that are far away without glasses. The number might be very small, like 0.25, or a large number, like 6.00. The higher the number, the stronger the prescription lenses required. This can influence your choice of frames as the higher the prescription, the greater the curve of the lens needed.Plano = Zero dioptric power required. OD = Right eye (Oculus Dexter) OS = Left eye (Oculus Sinister) OU = Both eyes (Oculus uterque) Example of right eye Sphere …Single-vision and multifocal eyeglass prescriptions look different because they correct different vision problems. A single-vision prescription means your ...Eyeglasses are expensive, but understanding your eyeglass prescription should help you understand why. ... That means you can read a letter at 20 feet that people with “normal” vision can read at 200 feet, meaning you have very poor visual acuity. If you can read the fourth line from the bottom of most …For example you may see the term, Plano sunglasses, this means non-prescription sunglasses. You may also see a prescription written as: PL - .75 X 90, and this means there is no nearsightedness or farsightedness in the prescription, just the astigmatism. Next comes astigmatism. In the Rx +2.25 - .75 X 90 the -.75 is the …What is the average weight of glasses? The average weight of glasses is 12.5 ounces. There are glasses that weigh as little as 9 ounces and there are larger glasses that weigh over 20 ounces. Some of the more expensive glasses have a weight of as much as 16 ounces.The axis indicates the position of astigmatism in the eyes. It doesn’t indicate the strength of an eyeglass prescription. The axis is the lens meridian that does not contain cylinder power. It’s defined by a number between 1 and 180 degrees. The number 90 represents the eye’s vertical meridian. The number 180 represents the horizontal ...Plano lenses are ophthalmic lenses that do not have any power. Therefore, they do not help correct your vision. In the eyewear industry, plano-convex lenses are described as flat and do not refract or …A – shows that you find it hard to see things that are far away without glasses. The number might be very small, like 0.25, or a large number, like 6.00. The higher the number, the stronger the prescription lenses required. This can influence your choice of frames as the higher the prescription, the greater the curve of the lens needed.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.SPH (or sphere) indicates the eyeglass prescription power, or how strong your lenses need to be to correct your vision. If you are nearsighted, the number in this field will have a minus sign (-) in front of it. Farsighted prescriptions have a plus sign (+) in front of the number. A (-) on your Rx means you’re nearsighted and struggle to see ...Understanding my glasses prescription: What do ADD, plano, pl and DS mean.This video will explain that the term ADD means in your glasses prescription.The t...Jun 26, 2022 · You can even find plano contact lenses. So what does plano mean in contact lenses? Plano contact lenses are the same as plano in glasses; they do not help correct visual impairments. Usually, plano-coloured contact lenses fall into this category of non-prescription contacts that people wear mostly for cosmetic purposes. When it comes to eyeglasses, a +1.00 prescription refers to the power of the lens. This measurement is essential to ensure that your eyeglasses provide the necessary correction for your eyesight. In this article, we will explore what +1.00 means for glasses, and how it is used to correct mild farsightedness. …22 Feb 2024 ... These are non-prescription glasses available in strengths ranging from +.25 to +6.00. They magnify what someone is looking at, improving their ...Sep 25, 2023 · Identify a – sign: Negative numbers, such as -1.00, indicate the lens strength needed to correct shortsightedness. Shortsightedness is when a person can see close things but distant objects ... A person with 20/30 vision probably doesn’t need glasses, according to EyeCare of East Texas. A determination of 20/30 acuity means that a person sees at 30 feet away from an objec...Z87 is enough in most cases if the frames are only going to use Plano lenses. Plano lenses are known as non-corrective lenses that are there to protect and not correct any vision, and they’re either called Plano lenses, PL, or 0.00 prescription. With Z87-2 ratings, the -2 will help denote prescription options for Z87 safety glasses.If you need a pair of plano glasses, you will see the term plano, PL or 0.00 in the Sphere box on your eye prescription paper. That means that the lens has no corrective power. If only either of your eyes requires correction, you may be given a pair of glasses that as one corrective lens for the affected eye and a plano lens for the …In optical terms, this means Zero power. For example you may see the term, Plano sunglasses, this means non-prescription sunglasses. You may also see a ...5 Nov 2018 ... If your prescription has the word Plano, PI, or an infinity sign, it means that you do not have distance problems. You may, however, have ...Plano lenses in glasses can also serve as protective eyewear, whether or not you need vision correction or prescription lenses. You can even find plano contact lenses. So what does plano mean in contact lenses? Plano contact lenses are the same as plano in glasses; they do not help correct visual impairments.For example, someone with a -3.00 prescription has worse vision than someone with a -1.25. Many individuals with 1.25 vision don’t require prescription eyewear. Individuals with 1.25 vision may opt for over-the-counter “reader” glasses to enhance their vision. However, people with a higher diopter number or astigmatism will probably need ...Dec 12, 2019 · For example, if you have a sphere of -0.25, your vision is minimally affected. On the other hand, if your prescription starts at -5.00, you most likely have difficulty seeing at a distance without glasses. If the sphere indicates Pl or Plano for both eyes, it means that you do not suffer from myopia or hyperopia. SPH (or sphere) indicates the eyeglass prescription power, or how strong your lenses need to be to correct your vision. If you are nearsighted, the number in this field will have a minus sign (-) in front of it. Farsighted prescriptions have a plus sign (+) in front of the number. A (-) on your Rx means you’re nearsighted and struggle to see ...Prescription eyewear is most used to correct refractive errors, which can impact your vision. Refractive errors include: Myopia. Hyperopia. Astigmatism. Presbyopia. Refractive errors occur when your eyes have trouble focusing light correctly. Prescription correction can help your eyes focus light correctly on the retina and help you see clearly.When it comes to building a greenhouse, one of the most important decisions you’ll need to make is choosing the right material for its structure. Two popular options are polycarbon...SPH - this stands for "sphere" and is the most basic aspect of your prescription. If you need glasses there will always be a value for the sphere. if it is negative then you are shortsighted whereas if it is positive you are longsighted. If it says "Plano" then no lens is needed. CYL - this stands for "cylinder" and is the astigmatism reading.k) PD = pupillary distance (the measurement in millimeters (mm) between both pupils) l) -75 = -0.75. m) +125 = +1.25. 6. Your prescription may be written out on a blank Rx pad instead of a pre-made Rx pad for eyeglasses only. The top number is the prescription for the right eye and the bottom number is the prescription for the …Although the price of plano lenses are about the same as normal prescription lenses, wearing a pair of plano lenses is the only safe way to wear non-corrective lenses. REGIONAL EYE OPTICAL offers a large selection of high end designer frames, eyeglasses and sunglasses. To learn more, please call 320-587-6309. The number appearing in this section of the prescription is always a "plus" power, even if it is not preceded by a plus sign. It is calculated as the difference between the power needed for the eye to have a clear far sight and the value needed to have a clear near vision. Generally, it will range from 0.50 to 3.50. The good news is, the information on your eyeglass prescription makes a lot of sense once you understand all the acronyms. SPH, for example, stands for “sphere.”. The sphere number on your prescription indicates the strength of the lenses needed to correct your vision. The number is “spherical” because it …What is my Plano? PL or Plano is Latin for “flat.” If this is in the SPH section of an Rx, it means no nearsighted or farsighted correction is needed.. What does sphere +0.25 mean? The Sphere In this specific case, it is vision at a far distance that is affected.The higher the number after the minus sign is, the greater …Feb 20, 2024 · Meridians of the eye are imaginary lines that pass through the pupil’s center, measured by a protractor superimposed over the eye’s surface. SPH is measured in diopters, the unit of measurement for the lens’s refractive (light-bending) power. If the number is negative (–), the prescription corrects nearsightedness. What does plano mean in contact lenses you may ask? Well, essentially plano contact lenses are the same as plano lenses in glasses, they do not help correct any visual impairments. Usually, plano-coloured contact lenses fall into this category of non-prescription contacts that people wear mostly for cosmetic purposes. ConclusionAug 12, 2022 · What does plano mean in contact lenses you may ask? Well, essentially plano contact lenses are the same as plano lenses in glasses, they do not help correct any visual impairments. Usually, plano- coloured contact lenses fall into this category of non-prescription contacts that people wear mostly for cosmetic purposes. When there is a minus sign in front of the number, that means you are nearsighted. Typically, objects close to your eyes seem clear, and those that are far away appear blurry. If your prescription reads -2.00, that means you are two diopters nearsighted. If your prescription said +3.50, you are three and a half diopters farsighted.FramesDirect.com has frames for top brands, like Ray-Ban, Michael Kors and Oakley, for 20%-50% off the original price. They use high-quality lenses, which can cost as little as $23.99. The website has a wide selection of prescription sunglasses and contact lenses, as well as children’s glasses. Due to the luxury …Plano = Zero dioptric power required. OD = Right eye (Oculus Dexter) OS = Left eye (Oculus Sinister) OU = Both eyes (Oculus uterque) Example of right eye Sphere …Ray Huffines Chevy Plano is a trusted dealership that offers a wide range of vehicles for customers in the Plano area. Whether you are looking for a new or used car, their showroom...The first step to understanding your spectacle prescription is knowing what "OD" and OS" mean. They are abbreviations for oculus dexter and oculus sinister, which are Latin terms for right eye and left eye. Your spectacle prescription also may have a column labeled "OU." This is the abbreviation for the Latin term oculus uterque, which means ...

Cleaning inside oven glass can be a tricky task, but with the right approach, it can be done effectively. However, many people make common mistakes that can lead to unsatisfactory .... Side chicks

what does plano mean for glasses

For people with astigmatism, there will be 3 numbers in your prescription: Sph / Cyl x Axis. For example, -2.00/-1.00×180 means 2D of short-sightedness, 1D of astigmatism at an axis of 180 degrees. If you don’t have astigmatism, the cylinder and axis boxes will be empty or only one value is written on the prescription.Ray Huffines Chevy Plano is a well-known dealership that offers a wide range of Chevrolet vehicles. Whether you’re in the market for a new or used car, finding the best deals is es...Most eyes are not spherical, so the numbers need to be able to show how much more curvature is in one meridian (or contour) and where that is. RE: -3.00 DS / -1.00 DC x 90. In the example above we can tell that one curve of the cornea is 3 dioptres short-sighted. RE: -3.00 DS / -1.00 DC x 90.A typical contact lens prescription contains many numbers and abbreviations. One of the most important details in a lens prescription is "PWR," which stands for "power." This refers to the refractive power that your eye will need to be able to see with 20/20 vision. Simply put, "PWR" refers to the strength of your contactFor those with presbyopia and require reading glasses / progressives, this is how the prescription looks like: ... The pupillary distance (PD) is 61mm. What Do ... If these glasses were prescribed for protection from strong light (tinted) or if this was part of a progressive glasses Rx (with a bifocal section at the bottom for reading), this might make sense. If they were prescribed to improve your visual acuity and nothing more, it is possible the optician just needed to make a sale. HonsVR Plano Lenses – Beware! Hi! I just received the Plano lenses for PSVR2 from HonsVR – very fast delivery and great packaging. Putting the lenses on was very easy and straightforward. But: Putting even VERY mild pressure on the glass (for example, when cleaning the HonsVR or with your eyebrows), the HonsVR lenses touch the PSVR2 lenses!A glasses prescription is not a contact lens prescription. Spectacle and contact lens prescriptions aren't the same. A spectacle prescription is for the purchase of spectacles only. It does not contain certain information that is crucial to a contact lens prescription and that can be obtained only during a contact lens consultation and fitting.Sphere: The sphere (SPH) on your prescription indicates the lens power you need to see clearly. A minus (-) symbol next to this number means you’re nearsighted, and a plus (+) symbol means the prescription is meant to correct farsightedness. Cylinder: The cylinder (CYL) number indicates the lens power needed to correct astigmatism.When it comes to eyeglasses, a +1.00 prescription refers to the power of the lens. This measurement is essential to ensure that your eyeglasses provide the necessary correction for your eyesight. In this article, we will explore what +1.00 means for glasses, and how it is used to correct mild farsightedness. …Sphere: The sphere (SPH) on your prescription indicates the lens power you need to see clearly. A minus (-) symbol next to this number means you’re nearsighted, and a plus (+) symbol means the prescription is meant to correct farsightedness. Cylinder: The cylinder (CYL) number indicates the lens power needed to correct astigmatism.Feb 16, 2023 · What Does +1.00 Mean? The power of an eyeglass lens is measured in diopters (D), which refers to the lens's ability to bend light. The higher the diopter number, the greater the lens's power, and the more significant the correction it provides. A +1.00 lens has a power of one diopter, which means that it can bend light by one unit of refractive ... SPH - this stands for "sphere" and is the most basic aspect of your prescription. If you need glasses there will always be a value for the sphere. if it is negative then you are shortsighted whereas if it is positive you are longsighted. If it says "Plano" then no lens is needed. CYL - this stands for "cylinder" and is the astigmatism reading.Plano does not mean 20/20 it means a lens, or contact or IOL has no bending power (window glass). A sperical glass, contact or IOL bends all entering light the same because its spherical. A toric or astigmatic glass or IOL or conact bends light differently depending on the direction (axis) the light enters. JCH MD.SPH (or sphere) indicates the eyeglass prescription power, or how strong your lenses need to be to correct your vision. If you are nearsighted, the number in this field will have a minus sign (-) in front of it. Farsighted prescriptions have a plus sign (+) in front of the number. A (-) on your Rx means you’re nearsighted and struggle to see ...Prism lenses work by bending the light in such a way that it compensates for an eye muscle weakness, aligning your eyes and helping to maintain comfortable vision, as well as preventing double vision. Small amounts of prisms are usually incorporated straight into your lenses. If larger amounts of prisms are needed, then they can be trialled ...Feb 27, 2019 · If an eyeglass prescription includes cylinder power, it also needs to include an axis value, which follows the cylinder power. The axis is defined with a number from 1 to 180. The number 90 corresponds to the vertical meridian of the eye. The number 180 corresponds to the horizontal meridian of the eye. The axis is the lens meridian that is 90 ... OD is an abbreviation for “oculus dexter” which is Latin for “right eye.”. OS is an abbreviation for “oculus sinister” which is Latin for “left eye.”. Your prescription might also ....

Popular Topics