Mar 14, 2018 · Directions. Combine ingredients in mixing glass with ice and stir until well-chilled. Strain into a chilled coupe. Garnish with a large orange twist and a brandied cherry. See what other Food52ers are saying. A true Manhattan recipe produces balance—in this case, robust bourbon with herbal vermouth. In place of the vermouth, try oloroso ... Dec 25, 2020 ... My favorites are Punt e Mes, Cocchi Torino, and especially Carpano Antica. There are also dozens of really amazing Italian vermouths that you ...For the Manhattan, we recommend using a bourbon or rye whiskey, but we favor the bourbon option. Most bottles in the $35 - $45 range will do fine. The Russell's ...What’s the best bourbon for a Manhattan? No need to go with higher end craft and single-barrel bourbons, which are meant for sipping. A mid-range blended bourbon works well here, so look for anything in the $25 to …What’s the best bourbon for a Manhattan? No need to go with higher end craft and single-barrel bourbons, which are meant for sipping. A mid-range blended bourbon works well here, so look for anything in the $25 to …Jan 17, 2019 ... Because I'm grabbing a bourbon, I would grab a drier, more herbal sweet vermouth, like Dolin Rouge. The herbal notes will shine with the ...Place a coupe cocktail glass in the refrigerator or freezer to chill. Place 2 ounces rye whiskey, 1 ounce sweet vermouth, and 3 dashes Angostura bitters in a cocktail shaker or …Bourbon. The Perfect Manhattan. Ingredients. 2 oz. Straight Bourbon Whiskey. Order on Drizly Order on Reservebar. 3/4 oz. Antica Formula Sweet Vermouth. 3 dashes. Angostura® Bitters. Instructions. Step 1. Combine all ingredients into a mixing glass and stir with ice. Step 2. Strain into a chilled coupe glass and garnish with a cherry.Jul 3, 2023 · Step 1: Chill a Nick & Nora glass in the freezer or fill it with ice. Step 2: Add all ingredients into a mixing glass filled with ice and stir until the drink is chilled. Typically, that takes between 18 - 25 seconds, depending on the temperature of the ingredients and the quality of the ice. Step 3: Strain the drink into the chilled (and empty ... Oct 17, 2023 · Should a Manhattan Use Rye Whiskey or Bourbon? Often a divisive point among cocktail nerds, the use of rye or bourbon should really be a point of personal preference in a Manhattan. Rye is often touted as the traditional choice and said by some to have been the preferred whiskey of New Yorkers around the time of the cocktail How to Make the Best Smoked Manhattan Cocktail. First, choose the right whiskey. ... For the Manhattan, we recommend using a bourbon or rye whiskey, but we favor the bourbon option. Most bottles in the $35 - $45 range will do fine. The Russell's Reserve 6 or 10yr Bourbon, Four Roses Small Batch Bourbon, Rieger's Whiskey any …A Bourbon Manhattan is the best manhattan recipe you’ll find. Instead of using rye whiskey, I reach for the bourbon to pair with the sweet vermouth and bitters. Serve it in a chilled coupe glass for that final gorgeous touch. Makes 1 …Dec 23, 2019 · Fill a mixing glass a few inches high with ice. Add the whiskey, vermouth and bitters. Stir in a circular motion for about 30 seconds, or until the drink is very cold (if you’d like a drink with less bite, stir longer). Strain the liquid into a coupe or martini glass. Garnish with a cocktail cherry. Enjoy. The traditional Manhattan drink recipe has just three ingredients: whiskey, vermouth, and bitters (with a cherry garnish on top), but this easy-to-make version incorporates cherry juice to elevate the sweet-and-sour fruit flavor. Whether you use rye or bourbon is a matter of personal preference: rye makes a spicier, drier drink; Bourbon …Switch the ratio for bourbon and vermouth to craft a Reverse Manhattan. Visit 2foodtrippers for the full Manhattan recipe including process photos. Join our email list and receive a free guide to ...See full list on liquorlaboratory.com Jun 2, 2023 · Directions. Step 1 Stir the whiskey, vermouth, and bitters well with cracked ice in a mixing glass until chilled. Step 2 Strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Step 3 Garnish with a twist and/or a ... New York City is renowned for its vibrant culture, iconic landmarks, and bustling streets. However, it’s also home to some of the best educational institutions in the country. One ...Classic Manhattan. By Meghan McMorrow | Fox and Briar. 4.70 from 13 votes. Prep 2 mins. Total 2 mins. Servings 1 Cocktail. Save Pin. This classic Manhattan cocktail is classic for a reason! Rye whiskey, sweet vermouth plus a secret ingredient that gives a little twist on the original!Feb 16, 2021 · Instructions. Combine the bourbon whiskey, vermouth and bitters in a cocktail mixing glass (or any other type of glass). Fill the mixing glass with 1 handful ice and stir continuously for 30 seconds. Strain into a coupe or cocktail glass. Garnish with a cherry and serve. Mar 18, 2021 · Combine ingredients in a mixing glass and stir with ice. Strain into a chilled Nick & Nora glass. Garnish with orange zest or a high-quality maraschino cherry. ★ ★ ★ ★ ★. ( 329 votes ... Pretty simple. Add 2oz Knob Creek rye, 1oz Cocci vermouth di Torino and 3 dashes of Angostura bitters to a mixing glass, stir until well chilled, and strain into a coupe. Garnish with a cocktail cherry. But what I love about a Manhattan is how simple it is, and how much the ingredients shine through.Instructions. In a shaker filled halfway with ice, add the bourbon, vermouth, and bitters. Stir with a bar spoon for 15 to 20 seconds. Strain into a cocktail glass and squeeze the orange peel over the top of the glass to release the oil. Garnish and serve with the orange peel and a maraschino cherry. Recipe is …Mar 7, 2024 ... Rye Whiskey We prefer rye whiskey for a more balanced drink. Choose bourbon for a sweeter outcome. Sweet Vermouth The classic recipe uses ...Implementing a Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. One crucial aspect of this implementation is providing comprehen...Dec 25, 2020 ... My favorites are Punt e Mes, Cocchi Torino, and especially Carpano Antica. There are also dozens of really amazing Italian vermouths that you ...Knob Creek 9-Year-Old Small Batch Bourbon Whiskey. Knob Creek Bourbon is another excellent whiskey for a manhattan. It has an extremely high ABV at 50%, meaning it will stand out well in a cocktail and has a rich, sweet, and full-bodied expression.3. Law's Whiskey House San Luis Valley Bonded Rye. Law's Whiskey House. Law's Whiskey House is one of several Colorado-born whiskey brands that have made The Centennial State a burgeoning hub for ...Instructions. Add the bourbon, vermouth, and bitters to a cocktail shaker with ice and stir for 15 second to chill. Add a large ice cube to a rocks glass and strain the Manhattan into the glass. Rub the orange peel around the rim of the glass and then garnish with the orange peel and cherry. Enjoy immediately.The Perfect Manhattan recipe is a classic cocktail that has been around for over 150 years. Originally made with rye whiskey, vermouth, bitters, and orange peel, this drink has been a favorite in bars worldwide.While the original recipe is the most popular, this iteration uses Bourbon whiskey as its main liquor …Source: tipsybartender.com. 3. Blackberry Bourbon Smash. The blackberry bourbon smash is one of the best bourbon drinks. Classic bourbon cocktails like the smash can really be made any time of the year. It’s tangy and light compared to some of the other darker drinks on this list.Garnish: Lemon wedge. The hot toddy is the perfect cocktail for cold weather. Heat some water to just below boiling. Combine the bourbon and simple syrup in a heat-proof glass or mug and stir to ...This month, New York City's first piece of crowdfunded real estate is set to open its doors. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and its ...Classic Manhattan. Smooth, timeless, and best enjoyed in good company, this Classic Manhattan cocktail is simple to make and enjoy. Ingredients. 2 fl oz Four Roses Small Batch. ... For a spirits enthusiast who wants a go-to premium bourbon, Four Roses Small Batch is a perfectly balanced everyday bourbon that elevates every moment to a special ...In the heart of Tribeca, The Warren Street Hotel will be the ideal place for exploring parts of Manhattan that are off the tourist trail. We may be compensated when you click on pr...The controversial executive was involved in the rise of two hot internet apps. Colin Kroll, the cofounder of Vine and HQ Trivia, was found dead in his Manhattan apartment late Satu...Now, aside from its status as the world's first single-barrel bourbon variety, Blanton's Original Single Barrel Bourbon can be a complex and generous addition to your Manhattan. On the palate, it ...Both pair wonderfully with the flavors in an American whiskey (especially a rye), as well as the nut and fruit notes in the vermouth. Build ingredients in a Mixing glass. Crack two large ice cubes and drop into the glass, then fill 3/4 full with ice. Insert a bar spoon and stir well for 15-20 seconds.The main difference between the two cocktails lies in the sweeteners used in each. The Old Fashioned calls for sugar, either as a cube or in simple syrup format (where sugar is dissolved into water), whereas the Manhattan employs sweet vermouth, a type of fortified wine. The vermouth adds earthy, spiced notes, contributing additional depth of ...Pikesville Rye (or Rittenhouse Rye) One of the best rye whiskies for a Manhattan is …When it comes to mixing up a Manhattan, the bourbon is the star you want shining through. You need something with rich flavor that still allows the vermouth and bitters …Oct 13, 2019 · Instructions. Combine the bourbon, vermouth, and bitters in a mixing glass. Add about 1 cup of ice. Stir for 30 seconds. Pour into a chilled coupe glass or over ice in a rocks or old fashioned glass. Garnish with a Luxardo cherry and a strip of orange zest if desired. The Manhattan cocktail, known for its balance of booziness, sweetness, and bitterness, offers a delightful canvas for experimentation. While traditionally made with rye whiskey, using bourbon can bring a new twist to this classic drink. However, not all bourbons work well; some may make the cocktail …Instructions. Fill cocktail shaker halfway with ice. Add Southern comfort, sweet vermouth and dry vermouth. 2 ounces Southern Comfort, 1 ounce sweet vermouth, 1 ounce dry vermouth. Cap shaker and shake 20 seconds. Add extra ice cubes if needed and pour contents into rocks glass and add cherry/ies. 1 – 2 cherries.Mixed – bourbon cocktails. Examples of famous bourbon cocktails include the Mint Julep, Manhattan, and Old Fashioned. The best way to drink bourbon is in quality commercial glassware by Libbey. Sharing a Great American Pastime . Whether tasting in a distillery tour or enjoying a glass at your favorite bar, bourbon is both a drink and a hobby.thewhiskylady - 2023-11-13. Are you a fan of the classic Manhattan cocktail? If so, you know that the key to a perfect Manhattan is choosing the right bourbon. While rye whiskey is typically …A Bourbon Manhattan is the best manhattan recipe you’ll find. Instead of using rye whiskey, I reach for the bourbon to pair with the sweet vermouth and bitters. Serve it in a chilled coupe glass for that final gorgeous touch. Makes 1 …Big House is hands-down one of our favorite bourbons, and it stands up particularly well in a Manhattan because of its spicy flavor. It’s not available in all markets, so …Cavehill bourbon is made from a mash bill of 70% corn, 10% malted wheat, 10% malted barley, and 10% honey malted barley. This is the best bourbon if you want a manhattan with a creamy flavor full of strong notes of orange, honey, and vanilla. Using this as a base for your cocktail will result in a mellow taste and a …The traditional Manhattan drink recipe has just three ingredients: whiskey, vermouth, and bitters (with a cherry garnish on top), but this easy-to-make version incorporates cherry juice to elevate the sweet-and-sour fruit flavor. Whether you use rye or bourbon is a matter of personal preference: rye makes a spicier, drier drink; Bourbon …Jan 14, 2018 ... Taylor Small Batch is quite an expensive tipple. So, I thought I give the Eagle Rare Bourbon a try. It also comes from Buffalo Trace and on top ...Old Forester. Classic Kentucky bourbon, Old Forester was the first bourbon that was bottled and sold in Kentucky due to its high popularity amongst the locals. This bourbon is more bright and balanced and will make your Manhattan a little easier on the mouth feels. It has to be one of the best bourbons out there to be mixed with …Manhattan. ingredients. 2 oz ANGEL'S ENVY Bourbon Finished in Port Wine Barrels. 1 oz Noilly Prat® Sweet Vermouth. 2-3 dashes Angostura® bitters to taste. directions. Add all ingredients into a mixing glass and fill with ice. Stir for 20-25 seconds to dilute. Strain into a chilled cocktail glass.Mar 3, 2023 ... Cocchi Vermouth di Torino suits me fine with its bright fruit and heavy wood flavors, and I've made plenty through the years with Carpano Antica ...Jun 2, 2023 · Directions. Step 1 Stir the whiskey, vermouth, and bitters well with cracked ice in a mixing glass until chilled. Step 2 Strain into a chilled cocktail glass. Step 3 Garnish with a twist and/or a ... Dec 25, 2020 ... My favorites are Punt e Mes, Cocchi Torino, and especially Carpano Antica. There are also dozens of really amazing Italian vermouths that you ...A 3:1 ratio of whiskey to vermouth is the best for this classic Manhattan recipe. This cocktail never goes out of style. By. Hilary Meyer. Hilary Meyer. Hilary Meyer is a freelance recipe developer, tester and content creator. She has a bachelor's degree in anthropology from the University of Colorado at Boulder and a Culinary Arts degree from ...Implementing a Warehouse Management System (WMS) is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. One crucial aspect of this implementation is providing comprehen...The Black Manhattan was created in 2005 at San Francisco bar Bourbon & Branch by bartender Todd Smith. It’s a simple variation on the classic Manhattan, with bittersweet Averna amaro replacing the sweet vermouth and with a second type of bitters added. These adjustments result in a heavier and slightly more bitter rendition of its …Instructions. Combine vermouth, bourbon and bitters in a mixing glass and fill with ice. Stir until well-chilled and strain into a chilled coupe. Express the oils from an orange peel over the cocktail and garnish with the peel. Add a cherry if you like. Keyword bitters, manhattan, sweet vermouth.Heat the simple syrup to a simmer. Remove from heat and carefully add the vanilla and the bourbon. Stir to combine. Fill jars by ladling hot syrup into hot jars. Wipe the rim of the jar to remove any syrup. Place a clean, new lid on the jar. Place a canning ring/bad and finger tighten.When it comes to mixing up a Manhattan, the bourbon is the star you want shining through. You need something with rich flavor that still allows the vermouth and bitters …Manhattan Cocktails (for a Crowd) Prep 5 mins. Total 5 mins. Serves 8 to 10 servings. Save Print Ingredients . 18 ounces rye whiskey. 9 ounces sweet vermouth. 18 dashes Angostura bitters. 5 ounces filtered or bottled water (something neutral, not mineral water) Garnishes: cocktail cherries and lemon twists.Apr 18, 2022 · The flavor notes of Woodford Reserve offer rich cocoa, spicy cinnamon, and buttery toffee notes. It is a well-rounded bourbon that is rich and delicious. You will be able to get the smoothest manhattan when you use Woodford Reserve. Woodford Reserve Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey | Drizly. Bourbon /45.2% ABV / Kentucky, United States. Directions. Fill a mixing glass or cocktail shaker with ice. Add the whiskey, vermouth, and bitters. Stir, then strain the whiskey mixture into a chilled cocktail glass and finish by twisting an ...Fill a mixing glass a few inches high with ice. Add the whiskey, vermouth and bitters. Stir in a circular motion for about 30 seconds, or until the drink is very cold (if you’d like a drink with less bite, stir longer). Strain the liquid into a coupe or martini glass. Garnish with a cocktail cherry. Enjoy.Pikesville Rye (or Rittenhouse Rye) One of the best rye whiskies for a Manhattan is …The main difference between the two cocktails lies in the sweeteners used in each. The Old Fashioned calls for sugar, either as a cube or in simple syrup format (where sugar is dissolved into water), whereas the Manhattan employs sweet vermouth, a type of fortified wine. The vermouth adds earthy, spiced notes, contributing additional depth of ...Are you looking to enhance your skills in warehouse management systems (WMS)? Manhattan WMS is a leading software solution that helps businesses streamline their operations and opt...Top 10 Bourbons for Manhattan 1. Maker’s Mark. photo credit: www.makersmark.com. Maker’s Mark is a popular choice for bourbon lovers, whether for a cocktail or straight. It has a balanced but sweet palate with notes of caramel and oak, making it a perfect choice for a soft and savory bourbon …The Manhattan is one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's classic 'The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks'. The Makers Manhattan specifically uses Maker's Mark bourbon, which is known for its smooth and rich flavor. The cocktail is traditionally served in a cocktail glass and garnished with a cherry.Directions. Fill a mixing glass or cocktail shaker with ice. Add the whiskey, vermouth, and bitters. Stir, then strain the whiskey mixture into a chilled cocktail glass and finish by twisting an ...A bourbon or whiskey Manhattan won’t taste terrible, of course. But rye is the original spirit for the drink, Don Lee, Co-Founder, Existing Conditions, NYC, says, and with good reason: “It’s ...401 West Main Street, Suite 2300 Louisville, KY 40202 Local: (502)584-2121 Toll Free: 1-800-626-5646Mar 3, 2023 ... Cocchi Vermouth di Torino suits me fine with its bright fruit and heavy wood flavors, and I've made plenty through the years with Carpano Antica ...At the top of the brand’s line-up is the highly-coveted Russell’s Reserve 13 Year, a small-batch bourbon bottled at barrel strength (57.4% ABV) with a palate of dark fruit, honey, brown sugar, and chocolate. Style: Cask-strength small batch. ABV: 57.4%. Tasting Notes: Dark fruit, honey, brown sugar, chocolate.401 West Main Street, Suite 2300 Louisville, KY 40202 Local: (502)584-2121 Toll Free: 1-800-626-5646The 5-minute flight will help residents avoid traffic snarls during the Pope's visit to the city. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money and... Try bourbon soaked Bing cherries for your next Manhattan!! Look for recipes on internet. 3 oz good bourbon (Woodford Reserve, Elijah Craig, Blantons, etc) 1 oz sweet vermouth (Antica Formula, Dolin Rouge; don't buy the cheap stuff) 3 dashes Angostura bitters Combine in a tall glass with plenty of ice; stir for 30 seconds, strain into a lowball ... Alberta Premium, Crown Royal, and Pendleton are all excellent choices, too. If rye is too spicy for your taste, consider a high-rye bourbon, which tempers the sweetness of the corn-based spirit ...The 5 Best Bourbons for Your Manhattan. By Amanda Gabriele. Published on 1/16/2018 at 12:14 PM. ... If you’re looking for an ultra-smooth Manhattan, this is the bourbon to use.2 parts Baker’s ® Bourbon; 1 part Averna ® Amaro; 1 dash Angostura ® Bitters; 1 dash orange bitters; Amarena cherries for garnish; Directions. Combine all ingredients in a mixing glass with ice. Stir until well chilled. Strain into a chilled coupe. Garnish with …When it comes to bourbon, Kentucky is the undisputed king. With a rich history and a wide variety of flavors, Kentucky bourbons are some of the best in the world. Whether you’re a ...Instructions. Fill your mixing glass with ice. Pour the whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters over the ice. Stir the mixture gently for about 30 seconds to chill and dilute the drink slightly. Strain the cocktail into your chilled martini glass or …Manhattan Cocktails (for a Crowd) Prep 5 mins. Total 5 mins. Serves 8 to 10 servings. Save Print Ingredients . 18 ounces rye whiskey. 9 ounces sweet vermouth. 18 dashes Angostura bitters. 5 ounces filtered or bottled water (something neutral, not mineral water) Garnishes: cocktail cherries and lemon twists.At the top of the brand’s line-up is the highly-coveted Russell’s Reserve 13 Year, a small-batch bourbon bottled at barrel strength (57.4% ABV) with a palate of dark fruit, honey, brown sugar, and chocolate. Style: Cask-strength small batch. ABV: 57.4%. Tasting Notes: Dark fruit, honey, brown sugar, chocolate.The main difference between the two cocktails lies in the sweeteners used in each. The Old Fashioned calls for sugar, either as a cube or in simple syrup format (where sugar is dissolved into water), whereas the Manhattan employs sweet vermouth, a type of fortified wine. The vermouth adds earthy, spiced notes, contributing additional depth of ...The Manhattan cocktail, known for its balance of booziness, sweetness, and bitterness, offers a delightful canvas for experimentation. While traditionally made with rye whiskey, using bourbon can bring a new twist to this classic drink. However, not all bourbons work well; some may make the cocktail …
In the heart of Tribeca, The Warren Street Hotel will be the ideal place for exploring parts of Manhattan that are off the tourist trail. We may be compensated when you click on pr.... Was helen keller real
Oct 19, 2023 · Steps. Add the sugar and bitters into a mixing glass, then add the water, and stir until the sugar is nearly dissolved. Fill the mixing glass with ice, add the bourbon, and stir until well-chilled. Strain into a rocks glass over one large ice cube. If you’re a fan of whiskey, then you know that bourbon holds a special place in the hearts of many enthusiasts. With its rich history and distinct flavor profile, bourbon has becom...Nov 10, 2023 · Marker’s Mark is a great bourbon for Manhattans because it’s a subtle flavor made with soft red winter wheat. With virtually no sharp or bitter bite, it’s a great mixing bourbon to have on hand. Compared to other bourbon options, Maker’s Mark is easy to drink on its own. When you add it to your Manhattan, you’ll have the perfect ... Learn how to make a classic or bourbon Manhattan with the best bourbons for each variation, based on quality, taste, price, and compatibility. Discover the characteristics and flavors of 11 …Here are the 12 best bourbons for a Manhattan. Read more: The 27 Best Bourbon Brands, Ranked. Blanton's Original Single Barrel Bourbon. The bottle for Blanton's Original Single Barrel Bourbonlooks ...A Manhattan served in a martini glass. A Manhattan is a cocktail made with whiskey, sweet vermouth, and bitters.While rye is the traditional whiskey of choice, other commonly used whiskies include Canadian whisky, bourbon, blended whiskey, and Tennessee whiskey.The cocktail is usually stirred with ice then strained into a chilled cocktail glass and garnished …Top 10 Best Whiskey for A Manhattan. 1. Pikesville Rye (Rittenhouse Rye) Made by Heaven Hill Distillery in Kentucky, this is one of the best high rye whiskeys for a Manhattan. With its mash bill of corn, malted barley, and rye, it boasts an excellent, spicy finish with hints of red cherries, honey, and adzuki beans.4:1 Ratio Manhattan. The strongest and most spirit-forward of the three definitely puts the rye whiskey front and center. This is a very spicy Manhattan, and it’s also a little bit hot, whereas ... Whiskey - Rye or Bourbon? A Manhattan should be made with Rye, period. Bourbon is just too sweet. For a Bourbon Manhattan you'll need to adjust the ratio of whiskey to vermouth. A good ratio is 3:1 instead of 2:1 and a good measure is 2 1/4 oz. Bourbon to 3/4 oz. Sweet Vermouth. There’s no doubt about it: New York City’s Central Park is impressive. An 840-acre slab of green space, right in the heart of Manhattan. But while Central Park may be the most famo... These days, more and more Manhattan lovers are choosing to use bourbon instead of the traditional rye whiskey (see also: Best Whiskey For A Manhattan). Bourbon whiskey is set apart from other types of whiskey by its strict corn percentage and the aging process. All bourbons consist of at least 51% corn and are aged in oak-charred barrels. A shot of bourbon contains approximately 100 calories, when it is 40 percent alcohol and 80 proof. However, the exact calorie count may depend on the specific brand. A single shot ...Four Roses Single Barrel: Overall best bourbon of the year. Knob Creek 9 Year Old: Best bourbon under $50. Pappy Van Winkle’s 23 Year Family Reserve: Best high-end bottle of bourbon. Elijah Craig Small Batch: Smoothest Bourbon. Wild Turkey 101 Bourbon: Best Bourbon for beginners.For the best bourbon experience try the Flagship Whiskey Flight with as many additions as you can handle, or a Classic Whiskey Ginger cocktail with Van Brunt Bourbon, …📖 Recipe. What is a Manhattan? A Manhattan is a classic cocktail that uses sweet vermouth, rye whiskey, and angostura bitters as it's main ingredients. The bulk of the flavoring ….
Popular Topics
- The fault in our movieBuild a character
- Restaurants winter havenHow to get girlfriend
- Button up with sweater overChicken breast fillet
- The humSingle woman
- Plumbing businessLiquid for fire
- Preschool teacher requirementsMetal roof vs shingle roof cost
- Chinese chicken salad dressingWhere to get invitations printed